by buttgirl » 21 Nov 2007, 16:37
Thanksgiving is part of our national mythology. I don't think people realized what a vexed hoiliday it is. Not to be a downer but....(the literary historican in me is bursting at the seams, so apologies in advance if you find the following as disturbing as I do.)
The holiday did become official in the mid-1800s as a result of Sarah Hale's efforts. At the time, the young country was seeking to differentiate itself from European countries by establishing it's own origin story, artistic forms, etc...
However, the first day celebrated as a "Thanksgiving Day" in the Americas was in 1637. American Indians, especially in the NE, actually call Thanksgiving a Day of Mourning because of the original day. "William B. Newell, 84, talks with force as he discusses Thanksgiving. Newell, a Penobscot, has degrees from two universities, and was the former chairman of the anthropology department at the University of Connecticut.
"Thanksgiving Day was first officially proclaimed by the Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1637 to commemorate the massacre of 700 men, women and children who were celebrating their annual green corn dance-Thanksgiving Day to them-in their own house," Newell said.
"Gathered in this place of meeting they were attacked by mercenaries and Dutch and English. The Indians were ordered from the building and as they came forth they were shot down. The rest were burned alive in the building," he said."
Governor Bradford said of his crimes in his diaries: "To see them frying in the fire, and the streams of their blood quenching the same, and the stench was horrible; but the victory seemed a sweet sacrifice and they GAVE PRAISE THEREOF TO GOD." He afterwards declared a day of Thanksgiving.
Once before this event, there was a harvest feast, mainly sponsored by the Wampanoag b/c the Puritans refused to plant the was they were directed. Consequently ,many of their crops failed. Most people like to think of this as the first Thanksgiving day--it's a much more pleasant story, except for the fact that the natives were not allowed to bring weapons to the table and there are tales that one native got his hand chopped off for stealing a silver cup. In December 1621 Edward Wisnlow wrote: "Our harvest being gotten in, our Governor sent four men on fowling, that so we might after a more special manner rejoice together, after we had gathered the fruit of our labors; they four in one day killed as much fowl as, with a little help beside, served the Company almost a week, at which time, among other Recreations, we exercised our Arms, many of the Indians coming amongst us, and among the rest their greatest King Massasoit, with some 90 men, whom for three days we entertained and feasted and they went out and killed five Deer, which they brought to the Plantation and bestowed on our Governor, and upon the Captain and others."