http://www.mdguidelines.com/anal-fissure-and-or-rectal-ulcerAnal fissures and rectal ulcers are painful tears, splits or cracks (linear ulceration or laceration) in the mucous membrane, extending from the anal sphincter upward into the anal canal.
Primary fissures are caused by direct trauma to the anal canal, as sometimes happens with passage of a large, hard stool. Secondary fissures can originate from underlying diseases such as inflammation of the lining of the rectum (proctitis), inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), leukemia, or cancer (carcinoma). In rare cases, syphilis or tuberculosis may be the underlying cause.
Anal fissures also may be linked to low fiber diets causing constipation, physical abnormalities (hypertonicity, hypertrophy) within the internal anal sphincter, or rectal sexual intercourse. Insertion of a foreign object through the anus into the rectum also can cause the condition.
Most anal fissures are relatively minor and sporadic (acute), healing on their own. In some cases, the condition progressively worsens and leads to painful spasms within the anal sphincter. Spasms reduce blood flow to the area (ischemia), decreasing capacity to heal. An ongoing (chronic) condition then develops, with the patient fearing or avoiding bowel movements that cause even more sharp pain. In a chronic case, the sphincter may develop thickening where the tear has occurred.
About 90% of anal fissures are in the back (posterior) location of a direct line (midline) leading from the anal sphincter into the anal canal. Front (anterior) fissures are more common in women, usually because of childbirth. In women, up to 10% of fissures will be found anteriorly, whereas in men only 1% occur in this location. In about 2% of all cases, anal fissures occur both in posterior and anterior locations along the midline of the anal canal (Poritz). When fissures do not follow a direct line in the anal canal and instead are found off to the side, an underlying cause such as a sexually transmitted disease (STD) might be considered.
As far as I know, they are the same thing?!
Hope this helps!